Evgeny Morozov Essay Example for Free

Evgeny Morozov Essay Evgeny Morozov’s article, ‘Technology’s Role in Revolution’, was very attention-grabbing. Evgeny argued that many revolutions throughout history do not transpire through internet and technology, but in effect, are shaped by cultural factors. His term, cyber-utopianism, suggests that online interaction between individuals is emancipatory, and that the internet favours the oppressed, rather than the oppressor. He makes evident, that this belief is nieve and stubborn because it refuses to recognize its consequences. Evgeny argues against the certain ideas of what he refers to as internet centrism, and cyber-utopianism, and indeed points out that there is a dark side to internet freedom. Within Evgeny’s article, there are many points he makes that definitely articulate cyber-utopianism, and its affect on many populations. Evgeny explains the role of internet in the middle- eastern revolutions. He suggests that, people in the middle-east often brag about documenting police brutality, but is not what they should be focusing on. He argues that they should focus on how new leaders will shape the new constitution, and how to deal with issues regarding previous regimes. Morozov believes that the middle-east can obtain successful democracy, but depending on how they can react, and work on existing problems. Evgeny implies that regimes would be a lot less hectic if it weren’t for the internet. He claims, if it the internet wasn’t around, they could have taken a different route in making decisions, could have been less violent, and decisions could have been made months earlier than they did. He explains how in Russia, kids were being so distracted by other websites that, for a short while, government had put up censorships so people would be less distracted. He believes that the most successful way of controlling the internet, â€Å"isn’t one that has the most sophisticated censorship, but one that doesn’t need a one at all.† In addition, Evgeny suggested that it is nieve to believe that something as complex and sophisticated as the internet, could create exactly the same outcomes. In conclusion, he creates an unpretentious approach of dealing with policy making; Cyber-realism. Cyber-realists are people that make the internet a method for achieving specific policy objectives, rather than,  people who only focus on the internet’s philosophical impact as a whole. Evgeny makes some remarkable points, and although I think he slightly dramatizes the negative impacts internet has on the utilitarian states, he still manages to convince me of his argument. For instance, I too, believe that internet is credited for some negative things such as: countries having lacked enlightenment in the topic of political decisions, being a distraction rather than a source of information, and finally, giving the government a disloyal reputation. 1 Evgeny suggests that certain countries do not have the ability to be notified of political suggestions online, because computers are not available to them. A relatable example he expresses is that, Fidel Castro has a twitter page, but people in Cuba, do not have computers, let alone twitter. In Italy, for example, only three hundred and sixty seven people have computers, out of one thousand people. That’s less than half of the population that would not be well informed. In addition, in places such as Russia, internet isn’t a system intended to gain information, but rather, a search engine utilized for personal enjoyment. Internet is often a way of keeping kids away from politics because they become far to distracted on other sites, such as RuTube, to focus on government issues. I agree this is a negative effect, because if kids are uninformed, their kids will be uninformed, and the pattern of using internet for personal use will take its toll on future generations. Other countries, such as North Korea and Belarus, lack the ability to be technologically caught up in society. Evgeny mentions, â€Å"I wouldn’t have much hope in the internet in North Korea. It’s a country with some of the fewest internet connections in the world, and average North Koreans have been brainwashed to such an extent that you have serious psychological challenges that you can’t overcome just by using blogs and twitter.† This expresses the internet as being an unfair advantage to certain countries that are not as technologically advanced. Additionally, internet is giving the government a bad reputati on for two different reasons. First off, Evgeny states that bloggers publishing about dishonesty in local governments, are easily co-opted by higher politicians, and are turned against what they were blogging about. In this case, bloggers are absolutely being shut down, in that the power of the government  is less on local authorities, but on the federal government. This demonstrates the government being disloyal to the people, and using a pessimistic way of controlling the local population, which in turn, can certainly lead to trust issues between the two. Secondly, the government will frequently reach out to citizens for their opinion, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that they are listening to what the citizens have to say. 2 Evgeny suggests that governments pretend to reach out to obtain citizens input, but in reality, it is only a way of making them seem legitimate. The problem with this is that it causes the government to lose power, in that, they can no longer be trusted by the people, therefore the people will slowly stop publicizing their input. Another topic he could have reached upon would be that, because internet is so traceable, some negative things that might have gone viral will always be traced back to you. When bloggers write anti-government information, they are giving out their location, and can easily be tracked by local policemen. Overall I think that Evgeny truly convinced me of his argument because he had some very valid ideas, and as he pointed out, there are plenty of reasons people blame internet for the negative effects it has on the revolution.

Analysis of The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber by Ernest Hemingwa

Analysis of The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber by Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway is known for producing novels and short stories with ambiguous endings. In his short story, "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber," he definitely leaves his readers guessing. The question is whether Margot kills her husband, Francis, intenionally, or if she accidentally shoots him in an effort to save his life. There are many points that could be argued for both conclusions, but my observations have led me to believe that Margot did indeed shoot her husband intentionally, however, without pre-meditation. In looking at the background of Francis and Margot, it is easy to see that the strength of their relationship rests on their co-dependancy. They have two completely different personalities, but that is what ultimately keeps their relationship at an equilibrium.Their marriage is summarized by the statement, "Margot was too beautiful for Macomber to divorce her, and Macomber had too much money for Margot ever to leave him." Margot has complete control over their marriage, and Francis allows her to have this control because he could not find another wife if Margot were to leave him. This is apparent when the narrator states, "If he had been better with women, she would probably have started to worry about him getting another new, beautiful wife; but she knew too much about him to worry about him either." The background information given about Francis and Margot makes a motive for an intentional killing clear. When Margot sees the euphoria, loss of cowardice and sudden independance that Francis gets from his pursuit of the buffalo, she realizes that she has lost control over her husband. The change in Francis ca... ...age because she is no longer in charge of Francis or needed by him. She realizes that he has found his own independance and that she is expendable to him. Therefore, in a sudden rage of anger, resentment and disappointment, she kills Francis. Even though I do believe that Margot means to kill her husband, I do not think that it is a pre-meditated event. It appears that Margot's original intention is to save Francis by shooting the buffalo. Of course, realistically, it would be hard to stop such an animal from a far distance, and it is difficult to believe that Margot thinks she could do it. When Margot aims the gun and prepares to fire, all the negative emotions that are built up inside her cause her to make the sudden decision to take her anger out on her husband. She may have only thought about it for a second, but ultimately, it was an intentional shot.

Poly Sci Final Paper

Final Paper Washington State University Political Science 418 Fall 2012 Section 1 Professor Robert Quinlan December 6, 2012 Introduction This paper is written almost exclusively with information taken directly from the book Families of the Forest  by Alan Johnson about the lifestyle of the Matsigenka Amazonian Natives. Information regarding the Matsigenka is almost solely derived from the work of Johnson unless noted otherwise. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Matsigenka people, their needs as a community and finally pose a development project that meets the needs described.Realistically this is only one possible solution posed by an inexperienced undergraduate student. The author is student who has never set foot in South America or even has had any experience with a development project. The ideas expressed in this work are purely an academic exercise. The author does not assume that the Matsigenka do not already know and or practice some of the ideas shared in this a ssignment. Overview of the Matsigenka The Matsigenka, a native people  of the  Amazon Basin, live in what Johnson describes as an â€Å"angular landscape, along river valleys surrounded by forested mountains†.The Matsigenka have a peripheral environment on the outside edge of conquest lands. They originally settled in to a as a bid to avoid conflicts with other groups. The land is not ideal but good enough to live on while not ever being sought as territory for annexation by other groups. They are very isolated and their living choice has the consequence scarcity. Many of the best crops, fish, and game are not as bountiful as they are in other areas. They have plenty of land for their type of farming and their small population means they do not compete between themselves for resources.Their settlements are small and spread far apart. (Johnson) To understand the Matsigenka they must be seen in their own unique context of their daily lives. As with any parent, the task of r aising a child is to raise them to be able to live in the world on their own one day. For the Matsigenka this means raising children who will become accustomed to living in their own nuclear family and thrive while in relative isolation. (Johnson) The Matsigenka’s ability to be independent and desire to remain independent has been disheartening to missionaries and some schoolteachers.Attempts at organizing and building communities have largely been failures. The Matsigenka are happy to be free from directions and rules that stem from a missionary or any other persons attempt to convert or normalize them. (Johnson) From the very beginning their upbringing determines who they are as a people. From the start the emphasis on independence is apparent. No one is invited or comes to visit when a child is born. At birth a newborn is left alone on a mat while the mother is attended to. After a few minutes, the baby is then bathed with hot water causing discomfort making it cry. Johnso n) The procedure is done to strengthen the child for the hard independent life to come. The Matsigenka parents test the child’s limits, expecting more and more self-reliance at an early age. In the home, mothers commonly tether toddlers to a stake keeping them from wandering into danger. The method is no more a cruel â€Å"leash† than a baby gate used in American homes could be considered a cruel cage. (Johnson) Tethering allows the child freedom and independence without the danger of physical harm. The Matsigenka’s diet is varied and extensive.Their types of food production are farming, fishing, hunting, and foraging with some small use of domesticated animals. They can eat anything from raw foods found anywhere in their environment or eat feasts involving days of preparation. The people eat insect larvae of many bugs all during the year as source of dietary fats and protein. Larger game birds, monkeys, peccary, and tapir are the favorites. Farming small garden s is the most important to them making up more than half of their food. Foraging and fishing can often time produce disappointing results.Snakes are taboo and never eaten. (Johnson) Their diet poses no issues for them. For crops the people grow manioc (cassava), maze (corn), bananas, plantains, rice and coffee. Coffee has been introduced recently by outsiders as a cash crop. Along with trying to build communities the crop was meant to bring indigenous peoples into contact and trade with the modern parts of Peru. Coffee was seen as way to introduce money into the Matsigenka system. (Johnson) Their farming methods are sufficient to sustain them and the land they work on. The most important fish in the Matsigenka diet is shima. Johnson) These fish get up to 20 inches long and can weigh over 2 pounds. They are bottom feeders caught by net fishing. Mamori are similar in size to shima and caught with a regular hook and line setup. Rock dwelling fish like etari who are caught by hand. Alon g with other species such as shrimp and kempiti caught in traps fit into their diverse diet. Large fish species of omani, kayunaro and charava are rarely caught. (Johnson) Domesticated animals are not overly significant to a family. Families typically raise a couple of chickens and ducks.They are allowed to forage around the house during the day, feeding on insects considered pests like ants and sometimes are given maize. At night they are kept in chicken coops tended to by the children. (Johnson) As a people, the Matsigenka are very adaptive and catch all kinds of fish in many different ways. The Matsigenka do not participate in the market economy. Attempts to get them to raise cash crops and begin to participate have been implemented by outsiders. (Johnson) They make nearly all of the material goods used in daily life. However they do not make knives, aluminum pots or other metal items.As men and women they learn complementary manufacturing skills allowing them self-sufficiency. M atsigenka can survive in long-term isolation as a nuclear family with the skills in fishing, farming and hunting in the manner they prefer. (Johnson) The Matsigenka are adaptive, and independent. Needs and resource assessment based on the ethnographic description The Matsigenka have good nutrition and housing but they still have barriers to good overall health. The problems they have are not their fault. As a people they do everything they can like maintain standards of cleanliness, and treat illness with medicines they have available.The problems arise from limited resources and knowledge. (Johnson) For hygiene the Matsigenka clean themselves, their homes, and their clothing daily. Even when they sit on the earthen floor of their home they use a woven mat. (Johnson) They wash their hand before preparing food and are careful with waste. Baths are taken daily and garbage is thrown out in a separate area away from the home. The Matsigenka find human waste disgusting along with animal waste and believe according to Johnson that â€Å"The evil odor of feces is believed to invade the body and cause illness†(436)Families try to locate homes next to mountain streams to ensure a water supply uncontaminated by humans. (Johnson) Mountain streams, dry up seasonally forcing people back to the river for water where they are re-infected by water borne parasites. (Rainforest) Research has shown that the debilitating infections are colds, conjunctivitis, and parasites. Colds and conjunctivitis hit the community in waves. Epidemics move rapidly through the population. Tribal memories still exist of when the white man’s influenza that killed many. The people stay away from everyone and the schools when sickness hits.One of the most common greetings used by members is to ascertain if someone returning is sick and to be avoided. (Johnson) Johnson notes that researchers others who stayed with the Matsigenks stated: Most health complaints came to our attention because the medicines we had with us were believed to be more effective than Matsigenka remedies. Our house became a center where people would stop to tell us their symptoms and ask for treatment. They were pragmatic about accepting this help, seeing illness and injury as more or less naturally occurring. 436) When a family member becomes ill they are left to lie on a mat in their home while the rest of the family ignores the sick person. The Matsigenka believe sickness is life-threatening and feel a sick person is dangerous and best left alone. (Johnson) Johnson describes the Matsigenka as a mixed picture of health: They have an ample diet and are energetic and supple, capable of great feats of athleticism and endurance. They are attractive, maintain personal standards of cleanliness, and attend to their health needs with an array of remedies.On the other hand, they live with parasite loads that weaken them and probably contribute to many infant deaths, they are subject to viral and bacte rial infections that periodically sweep their hamlets and incapacitate them putting food production at risk†¦ Despite the beauty of nature surrounding them and their freedom to set their own work agenda, theirs is a hard life evident in the virtual absence of elderly people. (439) A needs and resource assessment based on the ethnographic description provided by Johnson would indicate a few key items.Health education, medical aid, improvements in sanitation, and clean drinking water are the most pressing needs. These could be possibly met using a culturally sensitive and responsible means of service delivery. Development project that meets one or more of the needs described Any project design must take into consideration the unique culture of the people it seeks to help Johnson notes in a prominent way that there is family level of sociocultural integration not a community one and the Matsigenka cannot be understood or appreciated except as a family level society.Meaning, as a g roup they are not â€Å"tropical-forest villagers† or â€Å"tribal peoples† like most amateur sociologists may picture. Unlike other groups they do not participate in suprafamily, raiding and warfare, structured gift exchange, or even large group feasting. (Johnson) Concepts like a family reunion or organizing a militia to defend their land are completely foreign to their way of life. Johnson notes it is extremely difficult to get them to participate in any group activity. They will listen to and directions but will walk away and refuse to join the proposed group activity.Matsigenka are not amenable to being directed or led. Education or works projects from other regions cannot be rolled out in a cookie cutter fashion to help them. Understanding their independence and determination does not mean that the Matsigenka are closed to change. In the 1980 and 1970’s sierra farmers came to the mountain valleys to live next to Matsigenka families. The new farmers have br ought infrastructural development that was welcomed by the Matsigenka people. They created school communities where boys, and girls, play soccer, study and do homework.Radios that can be found now are a sign of the integration of culture from the larger world around them. (Johnson) Most effective long term projects rely on ownership and the pride of the people they seek to help. Pride in ownership translates into maintenance and care of the public works project after the NGO who sets it up leaves. Johnson explains the idea of shintaro â€Å"owner† if we think of it not as legal title to objects like land or trees, but as a form of respect for the individual. Any project must transfer respect as ownership to achieve long term sustainability.Recently in the last 15 years money has been dumped into projects that have failed and been abandoned. (Fraser) It is not enough to just build something and leave. The best way to help might be to model what the rainforest flow project has done and pay special attention to some cultural factors. Any project should consider how ownership is considered, how the people operate as a family level society, the aversion to group activities, and being told what to do. The project should capitalize on their strong sense of hygiene and build on their dislike of human waste.The Matsigenka already intrinsically know about the importance of clean water and washing hands. The leap from understanding clean water and increasing the effectiveness of existing sanitation procedures should be an accomplishable task if executed sensitivly. Hygiene education and health services As a people they are very pragmatic, adaptable and have demonstrated a belief in better westernized medicine when dealing with researchers in the past. (Johnson) Setting up clinics may not be the answer since they will avoid any area where they may go and become sick.The clinic will need to come to the sick, not the other way around. Travelling to and helping sick f amily members on sleeping on mats in the home will strengthen any belief in stronger westernized medicine. The process will loosen the hold of traditional beliefs in bad spirits having an influence on outcomes. Health education can effectively be delivered using the existing school system and reinforced when educators visit with health professionals providing mobile medical clinic visits. (Rainforest) Previously efforts were made to do similar projects but the participants only spoke Spanish not the native language.To eliminate the language barrier it will be key that the health professionals and educators are fluent in the native language. Workers will need to understand cultural norms of the Matsigenka. (Rainforest) Special consideration should be given to immunization programs. Immunizations can make the people feel sick afterward and may scare participants off. Postponing immunizations until a trust relationship has been built up may be necessary. Credibility may be required for families to believe they are not being made sick after a flu shot or pertussis vaccination. SanitationThe Matsigenka already believe in finding the freshest water. Health education should teach how to defecate away from any water source and bury it when in the forest. The disdain they have for waste and how they conduct life around their home makes them receptive. Composting latrines with hand washing facilities may be built near schools but attention should be given to ventilation and odor control (Rainforest) considering â€Å"The evil odor of feces is believed to invade the body and cause illness†. (Johnson 436) Drinking water projects Delivering clean safe drinking water is of paramount importance to the Matsigenka, or any community.Rainforest Flow has used with self-reported success, for several years, a specific setup that uses low tech sand filtration. The method removes 99. 9 percent of bacteria from drinking water and uses a low tech gravitational flow. The systems are setup to support modest community growth and are maintained by a usage fee charged to every home water is delivered to. (Rainforest) In conclusion there are many projects that can possibly help the Matsigenka. The purpose of this paper was to introduce the Matsigenka people, their needs as a community and pose a development project that meets their needs sensitively.Like any group, assistance must be provided to them on their terms for it to be accepted. References Fraser, B. (2012, May 25). Machiguenga communities could be affected by peru gas production. Retrieved from Johnson, A. (2003). Families of the forest the matsigenka indians of the peruvian amazon. University of California Press. Retrieved from http://www. sscnet. ucla. edu/anthro/faculty/johnson/ethnography. html Rainforest flow. (2012, December 01). Retrieved from http://houseofthechildren. org/safe- drinking-water. html

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1308 Words

Marijuana is a drug that is illegal in forty-eight of the fifty states in America, including Texas. Some people argue for the benefits that come from Marijuana such as, medical factors which include Diabetes and Obesity. It would also allow the State and National government control over the drug production, sale, and price. There is also opposing views that legalizing of Marijuana would be a bad thing. They say there are several negative consequences if the state of Texas were to legalize the drug. The opposing side argues that marijuana has more harmful medical factors than helpful, has no financial benefit, and it would also create more discourse between citizens and drug cartels in bordering countries. There are several medical†¦show more content†¦Murray A. Mittelman, MD studied 4,657 adult men and women from the National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2010. Those who currently smoked marijuana exhibited lower levels of fasting insulin and lower levels of insulin resistance than those who never or occasionally smoked. Marijuana smokers also had smaller waist circumferences and higher HDL cholesterol levels than those who never or sometimes smoked marijuana.† (Brett Wilkens, Para. 4, â€Å"How medical marijuana can help treat diabetes†) Another major health risk in the State of Texas is Obesity. Marijuana has been proven to prevent obesity and obesity related health issues. They also discovered that daily users had noticeably slimmer, measured smaller around their waist lines, they also had a large increase in the amount of good cholesterol (Yann Le Strat and Bernard Le Foll. â€Å"Obesity and Cannabis Use.† Para. 1). This is good news for Texans that suffer from obesity. Texas is one of the states with the highest obesity rate, this could help a majority of citizens in Texas. Texas is considered to be one of the top leading states with obesity, it is ranked at fifteen out of the fifty-one states and districts calculated in a national survey. The Obesity rate is over Thirty Percent in the entire State with a large majority of obese citizens being between the ages of twenty six to sixty four. (â€Å"State of Obesity in Texas.† Pg. 1) If

Environmental Laws And Its Effects On The United States

During the late 1700s, many Americans advocated for social justice, economic empowerment, property rights and environmental protection. Their advocacy created a national phenomenon that empowered government and policymakers to execute policies aimed at solving these problems nationwide. The government again took action to enact numerous laws, some of which became the foundation for modern environmental policy and regulations in the United States. â€Å"On the national level, the first federal action to respond to public concerns about air quality was the Clean Air Act of 1955† (Longhurst and Lewis 2010, 39).The implementation of some of these newly created environmental laws began to interfere with state regulations, and as such, they often violated citizen’s property rights. Although such policy oftentimes violates citizen rights, it allows government and policymakers to respond to the growing population and market demand. Infringement on property rights did not just t ake root in the environmental sector in the 1800s. It started as a result of massive construction, inadequate hazardous waste disposal systems, and overpopulation due to urbanization and economic growth in the nineteenth century. It became clear that uncontrolled pollution, including underwater pollutions, led to the spread of environmental disease, thus affecting human health and safety. The federal government understood that the negative effects of unrestrained urbanization were posing a major challenge for itsShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Pollution And Natural Resource Management1248 Words   |  5 Pagesdiseases and many more environmental problems. 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Being Classified As Brain Dead - 1580 Words

In the medical world, we are sometimes placed into situations with an undesirable outcome. The least desirable outcome imaginable to being pronounced dead, or in our scenario, being labeled â€Å"brain dead†. Being classified as brain dead, is not an easy diagnosis to be made, and is defined as â€Å"irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem, is dead.† Throughout the course of assessing the articles provided, we learned about a patient by the name of Jahi McMath who had tonsillectomy performed at the Children’s Hospital Oakland. Upon entering the procedure, the family was told the procedure was considered normal. Unfortunately, approximately thirty minutes after the procedure, Jahi begin to experience†¦show more content†¦With scientific data, the medical team wanted to take Jahi off the ventilator after seven days, because research has proven there is less than 1% of recoveries after a seven-day period. The do ctors ultimately viewed removing Jahi from the ventilator after seven days as an ethical decision due to scientific data, however, the family became distort and wished to keep Jahi on the ventilator. As the doctors explained why they would not keep her on a ventilator, the family obtained a restraining order on the medical team and requested to switch their daughter to a new medical center that stated they would keep her on the ventilator. The family was ethically challenged because they did not want to let their daughter go, although they did not know what their daughter’s wishes were since she was brain dead. The doctors argued with the family saying they did not want to transport the child, because she was already labeled brain dead. After much arguing, the family turned to the courts. The family fought hard to obtain the restraining order, because they thought there was still life. 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The Public Losing Confidence in Capitalism Samples for Student

Question: What Is the Value of Public Losing Confidence in Capitalism? Answer: Introducation: Public Losing Confidence in Capitalism The current study is on the lookout to explain the theories that are pertinent to the document published in The Australian Financial Review with respect to the Public Losing Confidence in Capitalism. The Chairperson of Orica Mr Malcolm Broomhead revealed his sentiments regarding the factor that human beings are mislaying their confidence over capitalism. The document with respect to the positivism theory has discovered that common people has reduced their trust on the system of capitalism due to their fact that capitalism has an objective of increasing the profit of an organization themselves and neglecting the interests of the community and the individuals(Financial Review 2017). With regards to the positivism theory, the system of capitalism has expanded in their importance due to ineffective control on the rate of exchange and the government focusing more on the taxation polices over the monetary policies that limits the capitalist process to exploit their supremacy. It is seen that these were the some of the major causes that created financial catastrophes that predisposed the common man to reduce their confidence over capitalism. Malcolm gave the evidence that the effect of United States of America electing Mr Donald Trump as their President and the elected voters of United Kingdom decided to exit the BREXIT discovers the elimination of trust over capitalism by the common people and in relation to the normative theory, people are under the expectation that these transformations can enhance their living standards and their regimes(Kroker and Weinstein 2015). It is observed that capitalist system gradually started to reduce the confidence of the public since the effect of the financial disaster that occurred globally in 2008. The impact of financial crisis and common people losing expectations was due to the theory of positivism. The ineffectual policies of the government regarding the rate of interest, rate of exchange, policies of trade and the different other disparaging controls were few of the important causes that was the main result of financial disaster(Mackey and Sisodia 2014).. The ineffectiveness of the government and the activities of the business that is regarded as the positivism economic theory had demotivated the individuals and thus the lay man made the decision to move away from the globalized business process and the bodies of the government to a simpler world. The normative theory describes there is a requirement for changes in the functions of the operations of the business that functions in the economy so that the faith of capitalist system can be regained from the perspectives of the public, which should be part of the answer and not the factor behind their problems. The theory of positivism describes that inadequacy in the efficiency of the policies of the government and inaccurate business plans is the main reason for the increase in inflation and immobility in the economy(Zingales 2014). The deficits of the government that were not anticipated and the increase in the trade gap were the significant symbols that discovered the expiration of the capitalist economy. The awareness among the individuals regarding the conditions of the economy was increasing slowly as the standard of living and the income of the people were falling slowly. It is even seen that the price of the commodities were rising in bounds and leaps but the consumers income were falling. Mr Malcolm with regards to the normative theory made a distinctive statement that it is significant to recuperate the faith of the common people by making them conscious about the fact that wealth distribution is impossible without wealth creation(Streeck 2014). The other factor that was highlighted with regards to the loss of confidence over capitalism was the multifaceted structure of the organizations. The vital objective of the individuals who are investing in an organizations is to earn revenue. Conversely, the composite configuration of the incentives of the employees had an effect on the incomprehensible causes and therefore, it was not an inspiration for the internal and external stakeholders and the employees of the firms(Beckert 2013). It is observed that the reports about incentives are extremely problematic to realize and the conclusive end-result of their remunerations still remains unknown till the concluding day. Mr Malcolm had an impression of altering the structure of incentives in the firms and raising the total number of shareholders by allocating shares to the internal employees so that an improved incentive can be created and establishing procedures that are controllable among the employees. Thus, it is observed that the evaluation is on the basis of normative and positivism theories and the document discovers that the most significant cause for the loss of confidence among the people on capitalism is mainly due to the government regulations that are unproductiveand the multifaceted structure of compensation of the capitalist business. The management is in the impression of creating profit but are worried about the wellbeing of the community. With the help of this document, Mr Malcolm tried to suggest all the firms and the government that are operating in the market to influence and motivate individuals about the significance of growing wealth will lead to the circulation of wealth in the economy leading to the increase in the standard of living of the individuals. It is even suggested that the firms start changing their structure of the business and the recommend the governments to change their regulations to bring out a optimistic appearance about capitalism within the public. The documents reveals that Mr Malcolm has associated the normative and the positivism theories with the document to create the document more understandable and specific to the readers. In the Books of Elk Ltd. Journal Entries Date Particulars Amount Amount 31/08/2019 Bank A/c Dr. (340000x0.50) 170000 To, Share Application A/c 170000 (Being Applications for shares received for 340,000 shares at $0.50 per share) 31/08/2019 Share Application A/c Dr 170000 To, Equity Share Capital A/c (300000*0.50) 150000 To, Share Allotment A/c (40000*0.50) 20000 (Being share application for 300000 shares transferred to the share capital and the rest 40000 shares transferred to allotment ) 01-09-2019 Share Allotment A/c Dr. (300000*1) 300000 To, Equity Share Capital A/c 300000 (Allotment of 300,000 shares) (Being share allotment due for 300000 shares @ $1 ) 30-09-2019 Bank A/c Dr. 280000 To, Share Allotment A/c 280000 (Being share allotted on 280,000 shares @ $1) 01-12-2019 Share First Call A/c Dr. (300000*0.50) 150000 To, Equity Share capital A/c 150000 (Being share first call due on 300000 shares @ $0.50) 31-12-2019 Bank A/c Dr. (280000*0.50) 140000 To, Share First Call A/c 140000 (Being share call received on 280000 shares @ $0.50 and 20000 shares failed to pay) 15-01-2020 Equity Share Capital A/c Dr. (20000*2) 40000 To, Share First Call A/c (20000*0.50) 10000 To Share Forfeiture A/c (20000*0.50) 10000 (Being 20000 shares forfeited on the non-payment of the call) 15-02-2020 Bank A/c Dr. (20000*1.70) 34000 Share Forfeiture A/c (20000*0.30) 6000 To Equity Share Capital A/c (20000*2) 40000 (Being 20000 shares reissued @ $1.70 per share) 15-02-2020 Cost of Re-Issue A/c Dr. 8000 To, Bank A/c 8000 (Expenses of reissue paid) 15-02-2020 Share Forfeiture A/c Dr. 4000 To, Bank A/c 4000 (Surplus returned to the original shareholders) Particulars: Carrying Amount Fair Value Impairment Proportion Land 150000 150000 40.54% Buildings 280000 Less: Depreciation 120000 160000 160000 43.24% Inventory 60000 60000 16.22% Total 370000 370000 1 Particulars Carrying Amount Fair Value Impairment Value Goodwill 12000 0 12000 Machinery 140000 Less: Depreciation 60000 80000 75000 5000 Particulars Carrying Amount Fair Value Impairment Proportion Land 150000 150000 40.54% Buildings 280000 Less: Depreciation 120000 160000 160000 43.24% Inventory 60000 60000 16.22% Total 370000 370000 1 Particulars Carrying Amount Fair Value Impairment Value Goodwill 12000 0 12000 Machinery 140000 Less: Depreciation 60000 80000 75000 5000 Dr. Cr. Date Particulars Amount Amount 30/06/20X4 Impairment Loss A/c. 142000 Goodwill A/c. 12000 Machinery A/c. 5000 Land A/c. 50676 Building A/c. 54054 Inventory A/c. 20270 Reference Beckert, J., 2013. Capitalism as a system of expectations: Toward a sociological microfoundation of political economy. Politics Society, 41(3), pp.323-350. Du, K., Givoly, D. and Alhusaini, B., 2017. The Impact of the Codification of Accounting Standards on Compliance and Reporting Costs, and its Usefulness for Empirical Research. Financial Review. (2017).Orica chair Malcolm Broomhead says confidence in capitalism is waning. [online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/business/mining/orica-chair-malcolm-broomhead-says-confidence-in-capitalism-is-waning-20161215-gtbr5n [Accessed 31 Mar. 2017]. Kroker, A. and Weinstein, M.A., 2015. The political economy of virtual reality: pan-capitalism. CTheory, pp.3-15. Mackey, J. and Sisodia, R., 2014. Conscious capitalism, with a new preface by the authors: Liberating the heroic spirit of business. Harvard Business Review Press. Radebaugh, L.H., 2014. Environmental factors influencing the development of accounting objectives, standards and practices in Peru. The international Journal of Accounting Education and Research. Urbana, 11(1), pp.39-56. Streeck, W., 2014. Buying time: The delayed crisis of democratic capitalism. Verso Books. Zingales, L., 2014. A capitalism for the people: Recapturing the lost genius of American prosperity. Basic books.